exocarp

At the study site, fresh fruits of Attalea geraensis had (mean [+ or -] sd) 4.7 [+ or -] 0.9 cm length and 3.9 [+ or -] 0.4 cm width (n = 30), the exocarp is thin (1.5 mm) and the mesocarp is pulpy (2-4 mm thick) and edible.

To analyze the phytochemicals of 'Ortanique' tangor the exocarp or epicarp (peel) of the endocarp (pulp) were separated and evaluated separately.

Additionally, it was observed that exocarp thickness, color and difficult to remove the exocarp are others criteria frequently used by growers with ethnolinguistic affiliation Nahuatl and Otomi.

In small-scale processing, after sterilisation, the palm fruits are put in a digester with high temperature that softens the fruit and destroys the outer covering (exocarp).

Endocarp surface morphology was revealed by boiling the dried fruits in water and physically removing the rehydrated exocarp and/or mesocarp by hand.

Female flowers: to 4-5 mm wide at anthesis; sepals 3(4), <1 mm long, triangular, red tipped; petals 3(4), lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; staminodes (5)6, anthers <1 mm long, sterile, filaments 1 mm long, free, inserted on edge of annular, papillose disk; ovary superior, 3-celled, style short, stigma 3-lobed, tiny; fruits subglobose, 3-angles, glabrous; exocarp 3-valved; pyrene one per fruit, covered all by a yellow-reddish pseudoaril; seeds one per fruit, rounded, 5-6 mm diameter, hilum with an irregular depression.

After drying, part of the grains was mechanically hulled to remove skin and parchment (exocarp and endocarp) using the PA-DESC coupled huller device for cleaning, processing and ventilation, from the company Palini & Alves[R], while another lot was stored without hulling.

Fruit is eaten raw or after soaking with straw until it is ripened Balanitaceae Balanites aegyptiaca Fleshy exocarp of (L.) Del.

Measurements were taken at 3 locations on the surface of fruit by the peeling back a flap of the exocarp. Vitamin C content (mg/100g) was determined by titration against 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol (AOAC 967.21).

It consists of three layers -- the outside layer is called exocarp, the fibrous inside layer is called mesocarp and the thin woody layer surrounding the actual layer of coconut is the endocarp.

For the diameter, the middle part of the fruit was measured without exocarp with a caliper gauge (160 [+ o -] 0.05 mm).