It induces
myoblast proliferation via G protein-coupled receptors, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and it may be involved in wound healing after muscle injury [22,23].
Both IGF-I receptors and IGF binding proteins are dramatically increased in mouse C2
myoblast cells during muscle differentiation [44].
It is known that epidermal growth factor receptors are widely expressed in most human tissues and have an important function in cell signaling with roles in coordinating
myoblast differentiation and innate immune responses (6-7).
(6) showed that human recombinant myostatin when incubated with human
myoblast cells for 24 h promoted an increase in both atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression and this was associated with an increase in protein degradation.
It has been reported that IL-17 can induce the production of cell adhesion molecules and cytokine/chemokine by human
myoblasts or muscle tissues such as IL-6.[sup][14] It also can inhibit the migration and myogenic differentiation of
myoblast,[sup][25] which means that IL-17 can directly act on the muscle cells.
Intrasphincteric autologous
myoblast injections with electrical stimulation for stress urinary incontinence.
Many growth factors, and platelet-derived growth factors as well as cytokines have been identified as causing proliferation of satellite cells, with subsequent transformation into myotubes and muscle fibers, to regulate
myoblast proliferation and differentiation, and to promote muscle regeneration or repair [4,5].
Background: Calpastatin involved in various physiological processes in the body such as the protein turnover, growth, fusion and
myoblast migration.
The test extract displayed potent anticandidal activity and showed limited toxicity against H9c2 rat cardiac
myoblast cells.
Rat L6
myoblast and mouse 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells were procured from cell repository of National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS).