Already we've seen some species migrating
poleward. This could certainly affect fall colors.
The polar cell is centered between the poles at about 50 degrees latitude, with air sinking at the poles, flowing toward the equator, rising in the temperate latitudes, and returning
poleward. The Ferrel cell is centered between 50 and 25 degrees latitude.
Along the eastern Pacific of North America, warm-temperate and subtropical species move
poleward during short-term warm water anomalies, such as an El Nieo Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event (Lonhart and Tupen 2001; Lonhart 2009).
The data showed that in what are called "neutral upwelling events," multiple passes of auroral arcs moving
poleward introduced energy that created the upwelling air that interferes with satellites.
The
poleward expansion of suitable climates means that places we currently do not associate with tropical diseases will become the sentinels for surveillance for novel outbreaks.
One of the most noticeable effects is the
poleward range expansion of certain species (Dawson et al.
The [M.sup.3] spectra only signal the presence of water in craters
poleward of latitude 70[degrees], and 90% of the positive detections occur within 10[degrees] of each pole.
The ocean circulation system pumps warm tropical waters
poleward, ventilating equatorial regions and tempering northern ones.
The likelihood of first order effects--extreme heat, drought, flooding, more severe storms, increased food insecurity, and the
poleward spread of tropical diseases--is well known.
The dry, semi-arid regions are expanding into higher latitudes, and temperate, rainy regions are migrating
poleward.
As climate change continues, species will be forced to migrate
poleward to seek cooler, better oxygenated waters or face extinction.