roughen


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rough·en

 (rŭf′ən)
tr. & intr.v. rough·ened, rough·en·ing, rough·ens
To make or become rough.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

roughen

(ˈrʌfən)
vb
to make or become rough
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

rough•en

(ˈrʌf ən)

v.t., v.i.
to make or become rough or rougher.
[1580–90]
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.

roughen


Past participle: roughened
Gerund: roughening

Imperative
roughen
roughen
Present
I roughen
you roughen
he/she/it roughens
we roughen
you roughen
they roughen
Preterite
I roughened
you roughened
he/she/it roughened
we roughened
you roughened
they roughened
Present Continuous
I am roughening
you are roughening
he/she/it is roughening
we are roughening
you are roughening
they are roughening
Present Perfect
I have roughened
you have roughened
he/she/it has roughened
we have roughened
you have roughened
they have roughened
Past Continuous
I was roughening
you were roughening
he/she/it was roughening
we were roughening
you were roughening
they were roughening
Past Perfect
I had roughened
you had roughened
he/she/it had roughened
we had roughened
you had roughened
they had roughened
Future
I will roughen
you will roughen
he/she/it will roughen
we will roughen
you will roughen
they will roughen
Future Perfect
I will have roughened
you will have roughened
he/she/it will have roughened
we will have roughened
you will have roughened
they will have roughened
Future Continuous
I will be roughening
you will be roughening
he/she/it will be roughening
we will be roughening
you will be roughening
they will be roughening
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been roughening
you have been roughening
he/she/it has been roughening
we have been roughening
you have been roughening
they have been roughening
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been roughening
you will have been roughening
he/she/it will have been roughening
we will have been roughening
you will have been roughening
they will have been roughening
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been roughening
you had been roughening
he/she/it had been roughening
we had been roughening
you had been roughening
they had been roughening
Conditional
I would roughen
you would roughen
he/she/it would roughen
we would roughen
you would roughen
they would roughen
Past Conditional
I would have roughened
you would have roughened
he/she/it would have roughened
we would have roughened
you would have roughened
they would have roughened
Collins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Verb1.roughen - make rough or rougher; "roughen the surfaces so they will stick to each other"
change surface - undergo or cause to undergo a change in the surface
smooth, smoothen - make smooth or smoother, as if by rubbing; "smooth the surface of the wood"
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.
Translations
يُخَشِّن، يَجْعَل السَّطْح خَشِنا
rozbouřit sezhrubnout
blive rå
viharossá válik
ÿfa
rozbúriť sa
pürüzlen mek

roughen

[ˈrʌfn]
A. VT [+ skin] → poner áspero, dejar áspero; [+ surface] → raspar (Carpentry) → desbastar
B. VI [skin] → ponerse áspero; [sea] → embravecerse; [voice] → volverse ronco, enronquecer
Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

roughen

[ˈrʌfən] vt
[+ surface, skin] → rendre rugueux/euse
[+ voice] → éraillerrough-hewn [ˌrʌfˈhjuːn] adj [wood, stone] → dégrossi(e)
a rough-hewn carving → l'ébauche d'une sculpturerough justice n (British)justice f sommaire
Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

roughen

vt grounduneben machen; skin, clothrau machen, rau werden lassen; surfaceaufrauen
vi
(skin)rau werden
(sound)hart werden; (voice)rau werden
(treatment)hart werden; (neighbourhood)verrohen; (sea, wind, weather)rau or stürmisch werden
Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

roughen

[ˈrʌfn] vt (a surface) → rendere ruvido/a, irruvidire
Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995

rough

(raf) adjective
1. not smooth. Her skin felt rough.
2. uneven. a rough path.
3. harsh; unpleasant. a rough voice; She's had a rough time since her husband died.
4. noisy and violent. rough behaviour.
5. stormy. The sea was rough; rough weather.
6. not complete or exact; approximate. a rough drawing; a rough idea/estimate.
noun
1. a violent bully. a gang of roughs.
2. uneven or uncultivated ground on a golf course. I lost my ball in the rough.
ˈroughly adverb
ˈroughness noun
ˈroughage (-fidʒ) noun
substances in food, eg bran or fibre, which help digestion.
ˈroughen verb
to make or become rough. The sea roughened as the wind rose.
rough diamond
a person of fine character but rough manners.
ˌrough-and-ˈready adjective
1. not carefully made or finished, but good enough. a rough-and-ready meal.
2. (of people) friendly enough but without politeness etc.
ˌrough-and-ˈtumble noun
friendly fighting between children etc.
rough it
to live for a period of time without the comforts or conveniences of modern life. They roughed it in the jungles for two months.
rough out
to draw or explain roughly. I roughed out a diagram; He roughed out his plan.
Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary © 2006-2013 K Dictionaries Ltd.
References in classic literature ?
"Here is one." And taking up the hand which lay on the arm of his chair, he pointed to the roughened forefinger, a burn on the back, and two or three little hard spots on the palm.
He had a delicate skin, easily roughened by sun and wind.
He was a tall man, over six feet high, and broad in proportion, and he had a bluff, rough-and-ready face, all roughened and reddened and lined in his long travels.
In the chair sits a man of strong and sturdy frame, whose face has been roughened by northern tempests and blackened by the burning sun of the West Indies.
She fixed her eyes wistfully on the tower of the palace, which rose out of the lower darkness like a pillar of roughened gold.
She put her hand, which was a comfortable hand though roughened by work, upon my hands, one after another, and gently took them out of my hair.
"But this is my father's story, sir; and I begin to think" --the curiously roughened forehead was very intent upon him--"that when I was left an orphan through my mother's surviving my father only two years, it was you who brought me to England.
He was thin and worn, but clear and alert, his keen face bronzed by the sun and roughened by the wind.
I have an impression on my mind which I cannot distinguish from actual remembrance, of the touch of Peggotty's forefinger as she used to hold it out to me, and of its being roughened by needlework, like a pocket nutmeg-grater.
The child put all these things between the bars into the soft, Smooth, well-shaped hand, with evident dread--more than once drawing back her own and looking at the man with her fair brow roughened into an expression half of fright and half of anger.
He appeared, with the col- our and uncouth stiffness of the extraordinary ma- terial in which he chose to clothe himself--"for the time being," would be his mumbled remark to any observation on the subject--like a man roughened out of granite, standing in a wilderness not big enough for a decent billiard-room.
Speaking exclusively, he said, "Basically, you do not have to roughen one side for reverse swing even a new ball will reverse, but only at very high speeds (90 mph plus)".