ruff

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ruff 1

 (rŭf)
n.
1. A stiffly starched frilled or pleated circular collar of lace, muslin, or other fine fabric, worn by men and women in the 1500s and 1600s.
2. A distinctive collarlike projection around the neck, as of feathers on a bird or of fur on a mammal.
3. A migratory sandpiper (Philomachus pugnax) of the Eastern Hemisphere, the male of which has collarlike, erectile feathers around the neck during the breeding season.

[Perhaps short for ruffle.]

ruffed adj.

ruff 2

 (rŭf) Games
n.
1. The playing of a trump card when one cannot follow suit.
2. An old game resembling whist.
tr. & intr.v. ruffed, ruff·ing, ruffs
To trump or play a trump.

[Obsolete French ronfle, roffle, a kind of card game, from Old French ronfle, from renfler, to rise : re-, re- + enfler, to cause to swell (from Latin īnflāre; see inflate).]

ruff 3

 (rŭf)
n.
1. also ruffe Any of several marine fishes of the family Centrolophidae, usually having spiny dorsal fins.
2. A small edible fish (Arripis georgianus) of coastal and estuarine waters of southern Australia. Also called roughy.
3. Variant of ruffe..

[Middle English rowe, roffe, ruffe, any of various fishes, especially Gymnocephalus cernuus, perhaps from variant of rough, rough; see rough, or from Medieval Latin rufus, a kind of fish (perhaps from Latin rūfus, red, tawny; see rufous).]

ruff 4

 (rŭf)
n.
See ruffle2.

[Of imitative origin.]
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.

ruff

(rʌf)
n
1. (Clothing & Fashion) a circular pleated, gathered, or fluted collar of lawn, muslin, etc, often starched or wired, worn by both men and women in the 16th and 17th centuries
2. (Zoology) zoology a natural growth of long or coloured hair or feathers around the necks of certain animals or birds
3. (Animals)
a. an Old World shore bird, Philomachus pugnax, the male of which has a large erectile ruff of feathers in the breeding season: family Scolopacidae (sandpipers, etc), order Charadriiformes
b. the male of this bird. Compare reeve3
[C16: back formation from ruffle1]
ˈruffˌlike adj

ruff

(rʌf) cards
n
1. (Card Games) another word for trump1
2. (Card Games) an old card game similar to whist
vb
another word for trump14
[C16: from Old French roffle; perhaps changed from Italian trionfa trump1]

ruff

(rʌf)
n
(Animals) another name for roughie
Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014

ruff1

(rʌf)
n.
1. a neckpiece or collar of lace, lawn, or the like, gathered into deep, full, regular folds, worn in the 16th and 17th centuries.
2. a collar, or set of lengthened or specially marked hairs or feathers, on the neck of an animal.
3. a Eurasian sandpiper, Philomachus pugnax, the male of which has a large erectile ruff of feathers during the breeding season. Compare reeve 3.
[1515–25; perhaps back formation from ruffle1]
ruffed, adj.

ruff2

(rʌf)

n.
1. an act or instance of trumping in cards when one cannot follow suit.
2. an old game of cards resembling whist.
v.t., v.i.
3. to trump when unable to follow suit.
[1580–90; probably < French ro(u)ffle, akin to Italian ronfa a card game, probably < German Trumpf trump1]

ruff3

(rʌf)

n.
a small European freshwater fish, Acerina cernua, of the perch family.
[1400–50; Middle English ruf, roffe; perhaps identical with rough]
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.
ThesaurusAntonymsRelated WordsSynonymsLegend:
Noun1.ruff - an external body part consisting of feathers or hair about the neck of a bird or other animal
external body part - any body part visible externally
2.ruff - a high tight collarruff - a high tight collar      
collar, neckband - a band that fits around the neck and is usually folded over
fraise - a ruff for the neck worn in the 16th century
3.ruff - common Eurasian sandpiperruff - common Eurasian sandpiper; the male has an erectile neck ruff in breeding season
sandpiper - any of numerous usually small wading birds having a slender bill and piping call; closely related to the plovers
reeve - female ruff
4.ruff - (card games) the act of taking a trick with a trump when unable to follow suit
turn, play - (game) the activity of doing something in an agreed succession; "it is my turn"; "it is still my play"
card game, cards - a game played with playing cards
bridge - any of various card games based on whist for four players
Verb1.ruff - play a trumpruff - play a trump        
card game, cards - a game played with playing cards
move, go - have a turn; make one's move in a game; "Can I go now?"
overtrump - play a trump higher than (one previously played) to the trick
crossruff - trump alternately in two hands
Based on WordNet 3.0, Farlex clipart collection. © 2003-2012 Princeton University, Farlex Inc.

ruff

noun
Related words
female reeve
collective noun hill
Collins Thesaurus of the English Language – Complete and Unabridged 2nd Edition. 2002 © HarperCollins Publishers 1995, 2002
Translations
nyakfodor

ruff

1 [rʌf] N
1. (Dress) → gorguera f, gola f
2. (Orn, Zool) → collarín m

ruff

2 [rʌf] (Cards)
A. N
1. (= game) viejo juego de cartas similar al whist
2. (= act of trumping) → fallo m
B. VTfallar
Collins Spanish Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 8th Edition 2005 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1971, 1988 © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2003, 2005

ruff

[ˈrʌf] nfraise f, collerette f
Collins English/French Electronic Resource. © HarperCollins Publishers 2005

ruff

1
n
(on dress etc, of bird, animal) → Halskrause f
(= bird)Kampfläufer m

ruff

2 (Cards)
nTrumpfen nt
vtitrumpfen, stechen
Collins German Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged 7th Edition 2005. © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1980 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1997, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2007

ruff

[rʌf] n (Dress) → gorgiera (Zool) → collare m
Collins Italian Dictionary 1st Edition © HarperCollins Publishers 1995
References in classic literature ?
Why must their ruffs be always crinkled like endive leaves, and not crimped with a crimping iron?" (From this we may perceive the antiquity of starch and crimped ruffs.) Then he goes on: "Poor gentleman of good family!
About half a mile farther on the soil was riddled with ruffs' nests, a sort of laying-ground, out of which many birds were issuing.
Round the room hang I don't know how many generations of Crawleys, some with beards and ruffs, some with huge wigs and toes turned out, some dressed in long straight stays and gowns that look as stiff as towers, and some with long ringlets, and oh, my dear!
Velvet garments sombre but rich, stiffly plaited ruffs and bands, embroidered gloves, venerable beards, the mien and countenance of authority, made it easy to distinguish the gentleman of worship, at that period, from the tradesman, with his plodding air, or the laborer, in his leathern jerkin, stealing awe-stricken into the house which he had perhaps helped to build.
Some were pictures of children--little girls in thick satin frocks which reached to their feet and stood out about them, and boys with puffed sleeves and lace collars and long hair, or with big ruffs around their necks.
Considering it, the mind reeled under visions of the feasts of Elagabalus; and the subtle harmonies of Debussy mingled with the musty, fragrant romance of chests in which have been kept old clothes, ruffs, hose, doublets, of a forgotten generation, and the wan odour of lilies of the valley and the savour of Cheddar cheese.
Everybody looked at her feet; and when she stepped through the chancel door on the church pavement, it seemed to her as if the old figures on the tombs, those portraits of old preachers and preachers' wives, with stiff ruffs, and long black dresses, fixed their eyes on her red shoes.
The next figure was of milder aspect, yet full of dignity, wearing a broad ruff, over which descended a beard, a gown of wrought velvet, and a doublet and hose of black satin.
Then the old woman, with an air of mystery which drew the circle closer round the fire, informed them that she had provided her grave- clothes some years before -- a nice linen shroud, a cap with a muslin ruff, and everything of a finer sort than she had worn since her wedding day.
Imagine him a person of grave and benevolent aspect, dressed in a black velvet suit, with a broad ruff around his neck, and a peaked beard upon his chin.
Fine gentlemen though he was, the intensity of his communings had soiled his ruff, and suddenly he knew that she was gazing at it.
She saw her father's face, with its bold brow, and reverend white beard that flowed over the old-fashioned Elizabethan ruff; her mother's, too, with the look of heedful and anxious love which it always wore in her remembrance, and which, even since her death, had so often laid the impediment of a gentle remonstrance in her daughter's pathway.