IPPs were allowed free repatriation of equity and were
exapted from most of the taxes
According to the definition originally proposed by Gould and his colleageus, (84,85) PEG10 and PEG11/ RTL1 are very good examples of "
exapted" (domesticated) genes that exhibit novel functions that are different from the original functions in the original organisms.
In silico analyses of LOC646736 transcripts showed that exon 2 has been
exapted from a primate-specific Alu short interspersed element (SINE).
They see fungibility not as an attribute of resources but as the de facto side effect of a lemonade strategy of exaptation in the face of unexpected contingencies; for these entrepreneurs, attributes arising due to adaptation within particular environments at particular points of time may then be
exapted to other environments at a future date (Dew, Sarasvathy, & Venkataraman, 2004).
So far as the system as a whole or the American people are concerned, horizontal judicial supremacy may well be a beautiful spandrel, an institution that evolved to serve the needs of national political actors and that has been "
exapted" to hold those very actors accountable to the law.
The evolutionary inference, that the scyphozoan morphology was exceedingly well-adapted or
exapted for predation on diverse taxa through geologic time, has been complemented by the taxonomic and ecological literature, which together describe modern scyphomedusan diversity as comprising relatively few, often widespread, trophic generalists (e.g., Aral, 1997; Mianzan and Cornelius, 1999; Richardson et al., 2009).
Since Miller grants that the arts and other forms of mental activity, once they got started, might have been co-opted or "
exapted" for adaptively functional purposes, his argument reduces itself to an argument about the original function of the arts.