Similarly, pectinase production ability of isolates was evaluated by culturing them on
pectate agar (PA) medium.
The influence of calcium can be verified in the treatment of sucrose + Ca[Cl.sub.2] (T2) due to the formation of calcium
pectate, which favors cell stiffness, impairing the diffusion of water vapor from the fruit to the medium during drying (SILVA et al., 2014).
Calcium increases the resistance of potato stems and tubers to maceration by pectolytic enzymes such as
pectate lyase and polygalacturonase [10].
Due to the capacity to synthesize and secrete several extracellular enzymes including
pectate lyase, pectin lyase, polygalacturonase, cellulase, protease, and elicitor protein harpin, the soft rot bacteria Pectobacterium is responsible for significant, global economic losses of crops and ornamental plants, both in the field and in storage.
To validate the expression profiling by Illumina sequencing, the expression levels of twenty DEGs (11 upregulated and 9 downregulated) involved with beta-glucosidase,
pectate lyase, aquaporin, vacuolar processing, heat shock protein, chaperone, and glutamate-cysteine ligase were selected for qRT-PCR analysis (Table S1).
Plant cell wall can be categorized into 3 layers: layer one is adhesive between cell and another called "middle lamella" composed of calcium
pectate (pectic acid binding [Ca.sup.2+]), layer two is a real cell wall synthesized during cell division called "primary cell wall" composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectic substances, and layer three synthesized after primary cell wall or in nongrowing stage of cell called "secondary cell wall" composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin [27, 28].
The inoculum (5% v/v) was transferred aseptically to 50 mL of production medium (yeast extract
pectate broth showing the following composition: yeast extract 1%, pectin 1%, NaCl 0.5%, and distilled water 100 ml) in 250 mL conical flask and incubated at 37[degrees]C for 72 hours with 125 rpm in a shaking incubator [10].
polygalacturonase, pectin methylesterase,
pectate lyase, [beta]-galactosidase, cellulase), generally encoded by ripening-related genes [13]and moisture loss [2].Modifications caused by the activity of endogenous enzymes such as pectin lyase, pectin methylesterase, [beta]-galactosidase may lead to solubilisation of insoluble forms of pectic substances, and hemicellulose [11,15], resulting in a significant softening of fruits [15,51].
Belton, "FT-IR study of
pectate and pectinate gels formed by divalent cations," Carbohydrate Research, vol.
Pectinases classified on the basis of their mode of action to polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15), pectin esterase (EC 3.1.1.11), pectin lyase (EC 4.2.2.10) and
pectate lyase (EC 4.2.2.2)[11].
[7.] Dutta N (2013) Nanotechnology enabled enhancement of enzyme activity and thermostability: Study on impaire
Pectate Lyase from attenuated Macrophomina phaseolina in presence of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle.
Arguably, N favors the absorption of calcium, a fundamental element in the saline composition of the cytoplasm and in the composition of the cell wall, as calcium
pectate, which results in greater structuration of cells and favors water absorption; however, high doses can negatively affect the technological quality of the product (Prado & Pancelli, 2006).