pycnidium

Usually circular lesions with darker margins become visible upon the green pods having concentrically and circularly arranged pycnidia. Involving the serious infections, the lesions prevail to the seeds inside the pods which become shriveled due to fungal fruiting bodies (Nene, 1982; Singh and Sharma, 1998; Akem, 1999).

Black pycnidia producing black cirrhi (a mucus-bound ribbon-like mass of spores that exudes from a fungus) were observed on symptomatic leaf, petiole, pedicel and rachis tissue after 24 to 168 hours of incubation.

These effects are attributable to repeated cycles of the asexual stage of the fungus, in which pycnidia give rise to splash-dispersed pycnidiospores which eventually infect the upper leaves on whose photosynthetic activity crop yield is dependent.

Pycnidia submarginal, inconspicuous, without prominent margin, rare, ostiole black; conidia sublageniform, 5-6 x ca.

Cetrarioid lichens, one of the most studied groups of lichens in the Parmeliaceae (lichen-forming Ascomycetes) family, are designated by their morphology with "foliose/subfruticose thalli with marginal apothecia and pycnidia", and chemically they contain lichenan, which is a linear [beta]-(1 [right arrow] 3, 1 [right arrow] 4) homoglycan (Nelsen et al.

Subsequently, the fungus produced stromata and pycnidia. The pycnidia that were produced were initially soft but hardened when the culture matured at 4 weeks.

Rediscovery of pycnidia in Thamnolia vermicularis: implications for che motype ocurrence and distribution.

Fungi Imperfecti with Pycnidia, Acervuli and Stromata, 696 pp., Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, UK.

Typical symptoms of septoria leaf blotch appeared as chlorotic spots with the presence of small black dots that are pycnidia. Initially, the spots are spread over the ends of the leaf blade and over time, the damage is more extensive, irregular shapes are distributed throughout the limb with a more brownish color and pycnidia more apparent, or small and localized.

Three weeks later, massive white-color pycnidia were produced which reached maturity to release yellow conidia after five to seven days.