Male cercus thick at base, narrowing towards and gradually transforming into apical third; moderately curved with
spinule at tip Fig.
4) and in other cottoids by Jackson (2004); spine, a sharp needle-shaped bony structure on a dermal tubercle or other ossicle (Taurulus);
spinule, a tiny spine projecting from a larger spine or horn; spinulose tubercle, a tubercle covered with many tiny
spinules (Triglopsis); spiny rod, a spine-bearing fin ray of the paired fins (e.g.
nichollsi might actually be a long, slender
spinule. Examination of type material of P.
Length/wide ratio of terminal endopodal segment ratio about 1.9 times as long as wide armed with 5 inner setae and 7 apical setae plus short
spinule on proximal outer margin.
Fore coxae with small
spinule; all femora almost flat on lower side.
Stein Key for identification of Amphisolenia species 1a Cells with bifurcated hypotheca (1) Amphisolenia bifurcata 1b Cells not bifurcated 2a Cells inflated in their anterior part, with a subterminal
spinule at elbow (2) Amphisolenia bidentata 2b Cells inflated in their middle part, with no subterminal spine at elbow 3a Cells straight, with four antapical
spinules (3) Amphisolenia schauinslandii 3b Cells sigmoid in their posterior part, with two antapical
spinules (4) Amphisolenia schroederi 1.
(2010); thumbtack prickle, a tiny ossicle with a sharp
spinule on a circular basal plate (termed 'skin
spinules' by Chernova 2008; interpreted as 'isolated ctenii' by Jackson 2004); tubercle, a general term for a small to medium-sized, usually convex platelet.
Spinule under the first of the outward side setae on exopodite P5 was present or absent.
anostostoma has longer and more downcurved clypeus hornlets (length greater than diameter of eye), cerci without dorsal
spinule, its subgenital plate has a v-shaped emargination, and the distance between the styli is barely greater than half their length.
Additionaly or alternatively, in species that have long denticulations overlapping the posterior borders of each
spinule row, greater frictional resistance of scales from the posterior to the anterior direction is to be expected (Gower, 2003).
--Palpal tibia without
spinules on disto-dorsal margin (Figs.