Age-related changes of
sulcal imprints on the endocranium in the Japanese macaque (Macaca iuscata).
In 2015 details of the
sulcal morphology, gained from a Brazilian strain, completed the species description (Nascimento et al., 2015).
Haemorrhage may develop (5-30%) which can intra-parenchymal or
sulcal subarachnoid in location.
Cerebral oedema may be evident, with sparkly echo reflectance of the parenchyma, obscuration of the
sulcal markings and closure of the fissures.
Neuroimaging in the acute phase characteristically shows unilateral panhemispheric
sulcal effacement with slight grey-white de-differentiation on T1 images which may spare the deep nuclei.6 There is associated diffuse cortical hyperintensity on DWI with signal loss on ADC map and slightly increased signal on T2/ FLAIR, indicating diffusion restriction consistent with cytotoxic oedema.6,7 The affected areas are independent of vascular territories.7
(2,3) The CT scans of the head can be normal or show diffuse white matter changes,
sulcal effacement and/or focal hypodensities consistent with infarctions.
The same area showed hypoattenuation on the T1W images with minimal pial surface enhancement (d, e) and increased signal with
sulcal effacement on FLAIR images (arrow in (f)).
Narr et al., "Relationships between
sulcal asymmetries and corpus callosum size: Gender and handedness effects," Cerebral Cortex, vol.
There is often an underlying white mater oedema and
sulcal effacement, which presumably indicates leptomeningeal involvement [2, 3].
The ventricular size was further increased and ventriculomegaly was out of proportion to
sulcal enlargement.
On pelvic examination, the uterus was well contracted, bleeding superior to her cervix was minimal, and second degree bilateral vaginal
sulcal lacerations were identified.